Fiscal Policy In The U.S. Essays - Public Finance, Tax,

Fiscal Policy In The U.S. Fiscal Policy in The U.S. Real plans for real people. This was the coined theme for the Bush campaign back in September. As far as I can see with his tax cut plan in doesnt involve real people. It may just depend on your definition of the term, but the real people of America are the middle class, hard working families. Bushs tax plan is now said to be $1.6 trillion over a ten year period of time. Most of this money will go to the upper brackets, the better off. Granted they do pay the most money, but then when you think about it, why do they need the cut? Can they not afford to pay their taxes? In this economic time of a feared recession our government should be doing everything in their power to avoid this situation. Having a prolonged tax cut does nothing to help the economy now. By the time the money is given back we and more than likely to have already succeeded this economic down low. The economist will tell you the in order to dodge this the money must be given back now. If the money is given back earlier there is a better chance of people spending it and stimulating economic activity. When looked at by this point of view I most definitely agree with Laura DAndrea Tyson when she said, Bush wants a large tax cut for political reasons, not economic ones. When Robert J. Barro discuses how he thinks the tax cut will stimulate investment and growth, increase incentives to work and save, and lower the amount of money Congress can spend, I find myself disagreeing with him. As said earlier Bushs tax cut will do very little, if anything, to help stimulate growth. Ten years is a very long time. As for increasing the incentive to work and save, I find it hard to want to save my money when they take it away for taxes. If you want to give an incentive to save, why not turn to VATs instead of income taxes? I know this would be an almost impossible thing to accomplish but the way it was explained to me was so clear. I thought in my head, Duh! Why dont people explore this option? Also, if they lower the amount of money Congress can spend they are lowering the amount of money for schools and education, among other things. A controversial part of the budget includes spending money for religious based activities and vouchers so that people may have the choice of schools. My reaction to this can be best described as almost an annoyance. I am young and naive but I feel strongly about things I believe and I am also very stubborn. I will stand up for things that I believe and state my case whenever I can. In our constitution we state that we all, as Americans, have the freedom of religion. In a way I feel that by saying no religion in schools, you are somewhat enabling this right. I can, however, understand that this is a controversial topic. But if you are denying children the right to practice their religion in school, why can you not give them a chance to do it in a school in which education and religion are interwoven. We are the future and by decreasing spending on education, they are only making things harder for themselves. Another topic discussed was the Social Security lockbox. In his campaign, Bush also said that he would keep this money safe. In order not to have to decrease his tax cuts and spending he may have to use money from the Social Security funds. If he does this I think that he will be showing Americans the he cant keep a promise. He promised not to use that money. Its not worth it in the long run to use this for a short-term stimulus. Fiscal policy in the United States today is somewhat a very controversial issue. I dont know if everyone will ever agree on something. I dont think that there will ever be a policy that will make everyone happy and have everyone treated the same. Only in

Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary

A DREAM OF WINGS SUMMARY The dream of flight can be traced back as far as civilization and perhaps even further into the dawn of man’s imagination. This book answers questions that abound about who came before the Wrights and significantly what part they played in the building of the foundation of aviation. Tinkerers rather than technicians, these men set forth to chase a dream, the dream of flight. A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch chronicles the people, the machines, and the time period as a piece of aeronautical history that can be related to the age as a whole. The book begins with acknowledgements from the author along with a description of the Wright Brother’s flight of September 20, 1904 in which for the first time an aircraft had flown in a complete circle. The author illustrates the wonder associated with heavier-than air flight. The awe and amazement of the public can well be characterized by the description then of the airplane as an â€Å"Aerial Steamboat† (Page 17). Aside from the public the imagination of many engineers would be captured by this new technology. Men such as Chanute, Cayley and Wenham applied their knowledge to further the dream of aviation. Octave Chanute in particular made a large impact during the dawn of heavier-than-air flight. Though his interest in flight stems back to the New York Rapid transit report of 1875, he could not fully realize his visions until the true actualization of his engineering firm in 1885. His having Israel Lancaster speak at the Buffalo meeting would have profound impact o n aviation research. Despite what was essentially a failure in the Buffalo meeting Chanute became increasing enthusiastic about aviation through the exploits of men like Louis Mouillard and Otto Lilienthal. Through sound logic, the book goes into great detail of the successes and failures of those before the Wrights in attempts at finding solutions to the problems involved in flight and the control of... Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary Free Essays on Dream Of Wings Summary A DREAM OF WINGS SUMMARY The dream of flight can be traced back as far as civilization and perhaps even further into the dawn of man’s imagination. This book answers questions that abound about who came before the Wrights and significantly what part they played in the building of the foundation of aviation. Tinkerers rather than technicians, these men set forth to chase a dream, the dream of flight. A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch chronicles the people, the machines, and the time period as a piece of aeronautical history that can be related to the age as a whole. The book begins with acknowledgements from the author along with a description of the Wright Brother’s flight of September 20, 1904 in which for the first time an aircraft had flown in a complete circle. The author illustrates the wonder associated with heavier-than air flight. The awe and amazement of the public can well be characterized by the description then of the airplane as an â€Å"Aerial Steamboat† (Page 17). Aside from the public the imagination of many engineers would be captured by this new technology. Men such as Chanute, Cayley and Wenham applied their knowledge to further the dream of aviation. Octave Chanute in particular made a large impact during the dawn of heavier-than-air flight. Though his interest in flight stems back to the New York Rapid transit report of 1875, he could not fully realize his visions until the true actualization of his engineering firm in 1885. His having Israel Lancaster speak at the Buffalo meeting would have profound impact o n aviation research. Despite what was essentially a failure in the Buffalo meeting Chanute became increasing enthusiastic about aviation through the exploits of men like Louis Mouillard and Otto Lilienthal. Through sound logic, the book goes into great detail of the successes and failures of those before the Wrights in attempts at finding solutions to the problems involved in flight and the control of...

Viral marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Viral marketing - Essay Example The fundamental issue of viral marketing is natural human behavior. Developing marketing strategies, managers take into account social and personal factors, individual characteristics of a target group and their needs. Whether such carryover from business to society will be effective is another matter. Thus, viral marketing does have a stake in the welfare of this nation and it should accept its responsibilities in society and become more intimately involved with societal concerns (Bryce, 2007). As a result, it is necessary to develop further marketing theory, facts, concepts, models, and ideas that interface with such problems. This is grist for social marketing. Unless marketing develops its social awarenesses and implements social actions that are acceptable, government will be forced to do that which marketing has not been willing to do voluntarily, thereby circumscribing the boundaries of marketing management. Following Dunn and Probstein (2003): "Viral marketing is powerful bec ause it is the antithesis of hard sell or "shout" paid advertising. Hotmail experienced this in the on-line buzz it received when it offered free email. Hotmail attached its URL and a brief marketing message to the bottom of every Hotmail" (10). This example illustrates habitual behavior of customers and importance of social networks and personal relations between consumers. Viral marketing allows consumers to achieve a sense of broad community, inspire personal interest and participation. Viral marketing performs its social role in two ways. First, marketing faces social challenges in the same sense as the government and other institutions. But unlike the government, marketing finds its major social justification through offering product-service mixes and commercially unified applications of the results of technology to the marketplace for a profit. Second, it participates in welfare and cultural efforts extending beyond mere profit considerations, and these include various community services and charitable and welfare activities. For example, marketing has had a hand in the renewed support for the arts in general, the increasing demand for good books, the attendance at operas and symphony concerts, the sale of classical records, the purchase of fine paintings through mail-order catalogues, and the attention being given to meeting educational needs. The se worthy activities, while sometimes used as a social measure, do not determine the degree of social concern or the acceptance of social responsibility (Bryce, 2007). Human behavior is explained by communication and personal relations between consumers who share their likes and dislikes with each other. It is assumed that a consumer tells two or three people about the services or products he use or buy. In many cases, consumer preferences are based on word-of-mouth recommendations rather than advertising or promotion. In reality, the improvement of material situations is a stimulus for recognition of intrinsic values, the general lifting of taste, the enhancement of a moral climate, the direction of more attention to the appreciation of arts and esthetics. History seems to confirm this; for great artistic and cultural advancements were at least accompanied by, if not directly stimulated by, periods of

Project management (coca-cola) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project management (coca-cola) - Essay Example We have considerable experience in the area and we have organized for international organizations in the coast. In this proposal, we outline our capability and how we will offer the best service if we get the chance to work with you. We intend to bring all the experience we have accumulated for years in areas such as risk management and project management to make sure that he event will be successful and will run smoothly. We have outlined the lineup of mangers who will be mandated with each areas of the project as a way to deter any mishap. This proposal provides the budget for the event and the various costs that will have to be incurred. As a tradition in PrudentEvent, we always ask the client to provide with at least one in-house employees to act as the project collaborate in order to give our staff an eye into the operations of the fir, we understand that there are numerous things which can go wrong with an international event. ... Our catering experts will make sure that the delegates in the conference will get the food they need, regardless of their culture or religious constraints it diet. We also have a well established travel and transport managers who will be able to manage the arrival of the delegates and their transport fro reach of the day they will stay in London. This team will not rest until the delegates have been sent back to their flights on their way back home. Being an events planner, we understand the importance of entertainment and understand that such an event can never go well without some form of entertainment. In this regard, we have specified a number of ways in which the guests will be entertained. More importantly, we understand the need for communication equipment especially with regard to the fact that an international event like this will need communication equipment which will take care of language translation. We have an already existing team to manage any transport needs with reg ard to the event. PrudentEvent is a world renowned event organizer that has achieved a number of world-class vents. Our main clients are international NGOs, and we have successfully organized meetings for their officials in a number of cities. Our greatest strength is that we have offices across the global and that makes global coordination easier. We have organized for meetings for large organizations around the world and we intend to use the experience we have achieved to make sure that the event is the success. We deliver success and quality for all our clients. 2 Conditions of the contract 1 Description of the nature of contract Planning the event with regard to the coordination of how the attendees will arrive and leave at the scene of the conference. †¢ This

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Curcumin

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Curcumin Development and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Bioavailability Enhancement of Curcumin CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEWED ON DRUG Chirio, et.al (2011) formulated Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles of fatty acids (FA) via coacervation technique based on FA precipitation from their sodium salt micelles in the presence of polymeric non-ionic surfactants and found higher entrapment efficiency and lowest possible cytotoxicity. Prashar, et.al (2011) studied the various biological effects and other aspects of the Curcumin, herbal remedy and dietary spice. According to them Curcumin is a lipophilic molecule and rapidly permeate cell membranes and act by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, induction of analysis, inhibition of transformation of normal cells to tumor cells and inhibition of invasion of metastasis. A number of animal studies have shown that Curcumin has a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect in colon, duodenal, stomach, esophageal and oral carcinogenesis. Curcumin possess various other activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-coagulant, anti-fibrotic, anti-mutagenic, anti-fertility, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-protozoan, anti-viral etc and concluded that Curcumin is an effective bioactive agent. The low water solubility and poor bioavailability of Curcumin can be overcome by various structural modifications. Stability aspect shows better effect and less toxicity offering bet ter pharmacodynamic characteristics. Choudhary, et.al (2012) studied the various potential therapeutic effects of Curcumin and reported that the research towards nanoparticles encapsulated Curcumin should be strengthened to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in treatment of various disorders. Wang, et.al (2012) formulated Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles via solvent injection method using stearic acid and lecithin as lipid, tween 80 as surfactant and chloroform as cosolvent. The prepared SLNs were evaluated for various parameters like entrapment efficiency, drug loading, zeta potential, particle size, x-ray diffraction, in-vitro(via dialysis bag method) and in-vivo(in Balb/c mice) drug release and it was found that average size of C-SLNs was found to be 190 nm with zeta potential value of -20.7 mV and 75% drug entrapment efficiency. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the encapsulated Curcumin. The release profile of C-SLLNs was an initial burst followed by sustained release and the Curcumin concentration in plasma suspension were significantly higher than those obtained with Curcumin alone, following C-SLNs, all the tissue concentrations of Curcumin increased, especially in lung and liver and it was found that in animal model of asthma, C -SLNs effectively suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory cell infiltration and also significantly inhibited the expression of T-helper-2-type cytokines, such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to the asthma group and Curcumin-treated group. These observations implied that C-SLNs could be a promising candidate for asthma therapy. Zheng, et.al (2013) formulated solid lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate Curcumin, by blending liquid lipids (Sefsol-218Â ®) with various solid lipids (Dynasan 114Â ®, Dynasan 118Â ®, Compritol ATO 888, Precirol 5ATO, Glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid and Hexadecanoid acid, Pluronic F68) via high pressure homogenization technique and found that the particle size decreased during the high shear process, and high pressure homogenization ensured the homogeneity of the nanoparticles. They also found that the Poloxamer 188 played a large role in the small and stable lipid nanoparticle system and contributed to the improved incorporation efficiency of Curcumin and concluded that suitable amount of liquid lipid when blended reduced the particle size of solid lipid nanoparticles and stabilized the system with improved dispensability and chemical stability in aqueous systems and exhibited sustained release and prolonged cell growth inhibition and cellular uptake in cancer cells as compare d to unformulated free Curcumin and the relative bioavailability significantly increase after intravenous administration in rats. Kakkar, et.al (2013) prepared and evaluated Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in the experimental paradigm of cerebral ischemia (BCCAO model) in rats and found that there was an improvement of 90% in cognition and 52% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase versus cerebral ischemic group. Neurological scoring improved by 79%. Hence, study indicates protective role of Curcumin against cerebral ischemic insult; provided it is packaged suitably for improved brain delivery. Sun, et.al (2013) prepared Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (C-SLNs) by high-pressure homogenization by blending liquid lipid Sefsol-218Â ® with the solid lipids and found that the high shear process, and high pressure homogenization ensured the homogeneity of the nanoparticles thereby improving the dispersibility and chemical stability of Curcumin, prolonging its antitumor activity and cellular uptake and enhancing its bioavailability. The morphology, sbability and release of Curcumin in the optimized formulation were investigated. The anti-cancer activity of the formulation was evaluated in MCF-7 cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to quantify cellular uptake of the drug. Blending sefsol-218Â ® into a lipid matrix reduced the particle size without improving drug loading, mean size was found to be 152.8Â ±4.7 nm and a 90% entrapment efficiency. Curcumin displayed a two-phase sustained release profile from C-SLNs with improved chemical stability, compared to th e soubilized solution, C-SLNSs exhibited prolonged inhibitory activity in cancer cells, as well as time-dependent increases in intra-cellular uptake. After inravenous administration to rats, the bioavailability of Curcumin was increased by 1.25 fold and it was concluded that C-SLNs with improved dispersibility and chemical stability in an aqueous system have been successfully developed. C-SLNs may represent a potentially useful cancer therapeutic Curcumin delivery system. Chen, et.al (2014) fabricated Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles via emulsion-evaporated technique and low temperature-solidification technique using monostearin as lipid, tween 80 as surfactant and methanol as cosolvent. C-SLNs were formed by lipid recrystallisation and the blank SLNs were prepared by the same procedure without adding Curcumin. Prepared C-SLNs were evaluated for various parameters like particle size, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and in-vitro release and it was found that the particle size is 99.99 nm, polydispersity index of 0.158, zeta potential of -19.9 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 97.86 % and drug loading capacity of 4.35 %. The release kinetics in-vitro demonstrated Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles can control drug-release and it was concluded that the Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles could be prepared successfully with high drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity and hence may be a pr omising drug delivery system to control drug release and improve bioavailability.

Essays --

BUSINESS ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT--3 Question: 1)(a)Analyse both the conventional and unconventional tools used by central banks. Monetary policy means the measures that are adopted by the Central bank of the different nations implement in the country to achieve certain goals like: Goals of Monetary Policy- ïÆ'Ëœ Controlling Inflation: The monetary policy helps in controlling the inflation by controlling to supply of money. ïÆ'Ëœ Economic Development: It performs exceptionally viable part in pushing economic development by giving sufficient credit to gainful sectors. ïÆ'Ëœ Expand in the Rate of Employment: It has an alternate destination is to attain full job yet without increase in the inflation rate. ïÆ'Ëœ Distribution of Credit: It should additionally guarantee that appropriation of credit ought to be fair and deliberate. The credit necessity ought to be provided for backward territories. 1. Conventional Tools: ïÆ'Ëœ Change the reserves requirements that are Cash Reserve Ratio and the Statutory Liquidity Ratio: Every bank has to have a certain amount of reserves with them from the total deposits that have come in the bank this called as the statutory Liquidity ratio. And the amount of reserve that the bank needs to maintain with the central bank is called the cash reserve ratio. The central bank decides on the percentage of those reserves that the banks hold. ïÆ'Ëœ Open Market Operations:In this conventional tool the Central bank buys and sells financial assets from banks to maintain the economic stability in the country. ïÆ'Ëœ Change of its official interest rate; Bank Rate:The third conventional method that the Central Bank uses to maintain economic stability is change of its official interest rate on the loans taken by the commercial ban... ...on which will in itself require less non-renewable energies like the petroleum merchandise. CITATION- Pigou’s.L(1935) Theory Of Unemployment, Journal of Economics, 286-335 Stanley.D.M. & Warell Thomas, A( 2005) Economics For Business, UK : Prentice hall, Financial Times Press Soloman, H & Hinderston .K (2007) Regression Analysis, Quantitative Survey, Journal Of Business Surveys,299-315 Romer. (1982) Advanced Macroeconomics, New York : McGraw Hilton Alesina, K & M.Toyle(1997) Business Economics, Journal Of Business Economics, 67-89 Kuznets, H(1948) National Income: A new Version, Advanced Macroeconomics, 89, 102 Chapman, Greg.K(1997) Economics: An interactive Study Guide, Longman University: Melbourne Barzun, L(1958) Advanced Macroeconomics, Journal of Economics, 123-48 Keynes, J.M(1936) The General Theory Of Unemployment, Interest, MacMillan: London

Do You Agree with the View That, by 1882, the Concept of the ‘Angel in the House’ Had Been Overturned?

Edexcel P 29 B Type Essay 4(b) study the sources F, G and H and use your own knowledge. Do you agree with the view that, by 1882, the concept of the ‘angel in the house’ had been overturned? The angel in house concept was very popular in the 19th century and it was a custom that many wives conformed to. The ‘angel in the house’ was described by Coventry Patmore’s poem towards his wife and how he fulfilled his needs by being altruistic.Men and women also had ‘separate spheres’ which was the ideology that men should conformed to public affairs and women should conform to private affairs within the home. However, by 1882, ideology changed and more women decided that they did not only want to conform to private affairs but they should be able to be public and voice their ideas, the concept had been changed slightly, however not completely overturned as many women still conformed to the ‘angel in the house’ concept.Source F was wr itten by Caroline Norton and published in 1854. It implies that the concept had not been overturned, as she is referring to the power that her husband still contained with the custody of their children. This shows that Caroline was rebelling against the norms that a wife should have towards her husband. In Caroline’s accounts of her years married to her husband she describes that he was physically violent towards her and on many occasions family members had to get involved.Caroline speaking out towards her husband in court showed merely that she was courageous enough to rebel against the ‘angel in the house’ concept. Source G supports Caroline in a way that one of the images shows a husband being physically abusing his wife. This adds supports to Caroline as it portrays in the image the language in which Caroline uses to describe her feelings towards her husband which are negative and shocking as many women would not dare to talk about their husband in that way.S ource G challenges the concept because in 1864 there was the First Contagious Disease Act which was an act which was the need to reduce venereal diseases. This was strongly campaigned by Josephine Butler, one of the first emerging feminists. The cartoon claims ‘Is Marriage a Failure – As a rule –Yes! ’ which is ironic because it is claiming that marriage, the ballpoint of keeping society was failing, however, the concept of ‘the angel in the house’ was still being fought to stay within the household and the stronghold of keeping all women conformed to the ‘separate spheres’.Source H is from Melanie Phillips, whose perspective on the ‘angel in the house’ is viewed nostalgically. In her analysis she is able to show the ‘paradox behind the double standard’ which was shown thoroughly through the Divorce Reform, it is challenging the idea that women cannot be in the house and speaking out, voicing their ideas publically. Nevertheless, it portrays that woman are still able to be in the house and also participate publically.In conclusion, it can be argued that the ‘angel in the house’ was not overturned however women still wanted to voice their opinions and stand up for inequality even if it was in marriage which was seen as unacceptable but stay in the household supporting their family. Nevertheless the concept had been slightly changed with feminists such as Caroline Norton and Josephine Butler’s campaigns supporting women’s rights, which a century ago would seen as an abomination making a female speak out without the permission from her husband. The ‘angel in the house’ concept had been slightly changed in 1882 however not completely overturned.